How Does A Meteorite Impact Event Occur?

How A Meteorite Impact Event Occurs?
One of the major wonders of space is meteor showers, which are beautiful to watch. But today we will not talk about their beauty. We will talk about how these can be catastrophic if they hit Earth in the future. Meteors have always been a cause of fear for humans. They have been responsible for many extinction events and other destruction on Earth before. In April 2018, the B612 Foundation reported, “It’s 100 percent certain we’ll be hit [by a devastating asteroid], but we’re not 100 percent certain when.” Throughout recorded history, hundreds of Earth impacts (and exploding bolides) have been reported, with some occurrences causing deat*s, injuries, property damage, or other significant localised consequences. Impact craters are found on every continent on Earth, but they are most common in parts of Australia, Europe and North America. This is not because the surface of these areas has changed so little that craters have been preserved. So in this video we will understand what are these impact events? Why are they caused? Have they happened before on Earth and caused damage? How do we prepare to deal with them?
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But before this, lets take a step back and discuss what are Meteorite? A Meteorite is a piece of rock from outer space that strikes the surface of the Earth. A Meteoroid is a meteorite before it hits the surface of the Earth. Meteors are glowing fragments of rock matter from outside the Earth’s atmosphere that burn and glow upon entering the Earth’s atmosphere.  They are more commonly known as shooting stars. Some meteors, particularly larger ones, may survive passage through the atmosphere to become meteorites, but most are small objects that burn up completely in the atmosphere.  They are not, in reality, shooting stars. Fireballs  are dazzling meteors. They can be classified in mainly three types- Stony meteorites, Iron meteorites and Stony-Iron meteorites. So where do they come from? Well, most of the meteorites are fragments of larger bodies called part bodies. They can be either minor planets or asteroids from the solar system. These parent bodies can originate from many sources. Asteroids are the major source of these fragments or meteorites and mainly originate from deep space. The major sources are - The Asteroid belt and The Oort cloud. The asteroid belt is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.  It comprises a swarm of about 100,000 objects called asteroids.  Asteroids are small rocky bodies with irregular shapes that have a cratered surface.  About 3,500 or more of these asteroids have been officially classified, and their orbital paths are known. The Oort Cloud is a theoretical cloud of predominantly icy planetesimals proposed to surround the Sun at distances ranging from 2,000 to 200,000 AU. We have already made a video on The Oort Cloud before, so you can go watch it after this video and know more about it. These asteroids are sometime thrown towards the Earth by many factors and some of them have orbits that get them close to the Earth. Some even cross the orbital path of the Earth and are known as Apollo objects. All the objects that pass close to Earth are refereed to as Near-Earth Objects.  About 150 NEOs with diameters between 1 and 8 km are known, but this is only a fraction of the total number.  Many NEOs will eventually collide with the Earth.  These objects have unstable orbits because they are under the gravitational influence of both the Earth and Mars.  So, now let’s talk about what is an Impact event? 

When a large object from the space hits the Earth’s surface it deforms the site and forms an impact. When a meteorite collides with the Earth, it can form an impact carter- a bowl-shaped hollow in the Earth’s surface. Space rocks have produced craters in the way throughout Earth’s life, especially when the planet was young around 4 Billion years ago.


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